How does the American federal system differ from Germany's federal system in terms of power assignment?

The American federal system is characterized by a division of powers between the federal and state governments, where specific powers are indeed assigned to the federal government. This is enshrined in the U.S. Constitution, particularly in Article I, Section 8, which enumerates the powers granted to Congress and establishes the supremacy of federal law over state law when there is a conflict.

In the U.S., certain powers such as regulation of interstate commerce, defense, and foreign affairs are reserved for the federal government, while states have the authority to manage local issues like education and public safety. This clear delineation of powers allows for a balance where the federal government can address national issues, while states retain autonomy for local governance.

In contrast, Germany’s federal system operates under a principle called "cooperative federalism," where the powers are more shared and intertwined between the federal and state levels. While both systems recognize the autonomy of states, Germany's states (Länder) do not have the same level of exclusive power over their own affairs as the U.S. states do.

Thus, the distinguishing feature of the American federal system is the specific powers that are assigned to the federal government, which is a critical aspect of its design and functionality.